Body Mass Index(BMI)

The diagnosis of obesity is typically made by evaluating a person’s body mass index (BMI) and considering other factors such as waist circumference, body fat percentage, and overall health assessment.

BMI is a widely used measurement to assess body fat based on a person’s height and weight. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters (BMI = weight in kg / (height in meters)^2).

Waist circumference provides an estimate of abdominal fat, which is associated with an increased risk of health problems. Excess abdominal fat is particularly concerning as it can contribute to metabolic syndrome and related health conditions. To measure waist circumference, a tape measure is placed around the waist at the level of the navel while the person is standing. The measurement is taken after normal exhalation.

BMI and Diabetes

There is a well-established relationship between BMI and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Higher BMI values, particularly in the overweight and obesity categories, are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes.

Increased Risk: Research has consistently shown that as BMI increases, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes also increases. Excess body fat, especially visceral fat (fat around the abdomen and organs), contributes to insulin resistance, a key underlying factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance: Adipose tissue, or body fat, secretes various substances called adipokines, which can lead to inflammation and interfere with insulin action. This chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance can contribute to the development of diabetes.
BMI Threshold: There is a progressive increase in diabetes risk as BMI rises. Individuals in the overweight and obesity categories (BMI of 25 or higher) have a higher likelihood of developing diabetes compared to those in the normal weight range (BMI 18.5-24.9).
Central Obesity: The distribution of body fat is also relevant. Central obesity, characterized by excess abdominal fat, is particularly associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Waist circumference is often used as a surrogate marker for central obesity and is closely related to BMI.
Modifiable Risk Factor: BMI is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, healthy eating habits, and weight loss, can help reduce the risk of developing diabetes, even in individuals with a genetic predisposition.